any-promise

What is any-promise?

The `any-promise` npm package allows you to register and use any ES6-compatible Promise library in a generic way, enabling the use of a preferred promise implementation without being locked into a specific library. This is particularly useful in library code where the developer wants to leave the choice of Promise implementation to the user.

What are any-promise's main functionalities?

Registering a preferred Promise implementation

This code demonstrates how to register Bluebird as the Promise implementation to be used wherever `any-promise` is required. This allows for the use of Bluebird's API and performance benefits in an application or library that abstracts over the specific Promise implementation.

require('any-promise/register/bluebird');
const Promise = require('any-promise');

Using any-promise in a library

This code snippet shows how a library can use `any-promise` to return a Promise from an asynchronous operation without hardcoding a dependency on a specific Promise library. This allows the consumer of the library to choose the Promise implementation.

const Promise = require('any-promise');
module.exports = function asyncOperation() {
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    // async operation here
  });
};

Other packages similar to any-promise

bluebird

Bluebird is a fully-featured Promise library with a focus on innovative features and performance. Unlike `any-promise`, Bluebird is a specific implementation rather than a way to abstract over different Promise libraries. It offers utilities for concurrency, such as `Promise.map`, and debugging features.

q

Q is one of the earliest Promise libraries that provided an implementation of the Promises/A+ spec before native Promises were widely available in JavaScript engines. Compared to `any-promise`, Q is a standalone Promise library rather than a means to utilize any Promise implementation. It includes features like `Q.allSettled`.

es6-promise

The `es6-promise` library is a polyfill for ES6-style Promises, aiming to provide a lightweight and efficient implementation of the standard Promise specification. In contrast to `any-promise`, `es6-promise` focuses on compatibility and providing a specific implementation, rather than enabling the use of any Promise library.

README

Any Promise

Let your library support any ES 2015 (ES6) compatible Promise and leave the choice to application authors. The application can optionally register its preferred Promise implementation and it will be exported when requiring any-promise from library code.

If no preference is registered, defaults to the global Promise for newer Node.js versions. The browser version defaults to the window Promise, so polyfill or register as necessary.

Usage with global Promise:

Assuming the global Promise is the desired implementation:

# Install any libraries depending on any-promise
$ npm install mz

The installed libraries will use global Promise by default.

// in library
var Promise = require('any-promise')  // the global Promise

function promiseReturningFunction(){
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){...})
}

Usage with registration:

Assuming bluebird is the desired Promise implementation:

# Install preferred promise library
$ npm install bluebird
# Install any-promise to allow registration
$ npm install any-promise
# Install any libraries you would like to use depending on any-promise
$ npm install mz

Register your preference in the application entry point before any other require of packages that load any-promise:

// top of application index.js or other entry point
require('any-promise/register/bluebird')

// -or- Equivalent to above, but allows customization of Promise library
require('any-promise/register')('bluebird', {Promise: require('bluebird')})

Now that the implementation is registered, you can use any package depending on any-promise:

var fsp = require('mz/fs') // mz/fs will use registered bluebird promises
var Promise = require('any-promise')  // the registered bluebird promise 

It is safe to call register multiple times, but it must always be with the same implementation.

Again, registration is optional. It should only be called by the application user if overriding the global Promise implementation is desired.

Optional Application Registration

As an application author, you can optionally register a preferred Promise implementation on application startup (before any call to require('any-promise'):

You must register your preference before any call to require('any-promise') (by you or required packages), and only one implementation can be registered. Typically, this registration would occur at the top of the application entry point.

Registration shortcuts

If you are using a known Promise implementation, you can register your preference with a shortcut:

require('any-promise/register/bluebird')
// -or-
import 'any-promise/register/q';

Shortcut registration is the preferred registration method as it works in the browser and Node.js. It is also convenient for using with import and many test runners, that offer a --require flag:

$ ava --require=any-promise/register/bluebird test.js

Current known implementations include bluebird, q, when, rsvp, es6-promise, promise, native-promise-only, pinkie, vow and lie. If you are not using a known implementation, you can use another registration method described below.

Basic Registration

As an alternative to registration shortcuts, you can call the register function with the preferred Promise implementation. The benefit of this approach is that a Promise library can be required by name without being a known implementation. This approach does NOT work in the browser. To use any-promise in the browser use either registration shortcuts or specify the Promise constructor using advanced registration (see below).

require('any-promise/register')('when')
// -or- require('any-promise/register')('any other ES6 compatible library (known or otherwise)')

This registration method will try to detect the Promise constructor from requiring the specified implementation. If you would like to specify your own constructor, see advanced registration.

Advanced Registration

To use the browser version, you should either install a polyfill or explicitly register the Promise constructor:

require('any-promise/register')('bluebird', {Promise: require('bluebird')})

This could also be used for registering a custom Promise implementation or subclass.

Your preference will be registered globally, allowing a single registration even if multiple versions of any-promise are installed in the NPM dependency tree or are using multiple bundled JavaScript files in the browser. You can bypass this global registration in options:

require('../register')('es6-promise', {Promise: require('es6-promise').Promise, global: false})

Library Usage

To use any Promise constructor, simply require it:

var Promise = require('any-promise');

return Promise
  .all([xf, f, init, coll])
  .then(fn);


return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
  try {
    resolve(item);
  } catch(e){
    reject(e);
  }
});

Except noted below, libraries using any-promise should only use documented functions as there is no guarantee which implementation will be chosen by the application author. Libraries should never call register, only the application user should call if desired.

Advanced Library Usage

If your library needs to branch code based on the registered implementation, you can retrieve it using var impl = require('any-promise/implementation'), where impl will be the package name ("bluebird", "when", etc.) if registered, "global.Promise" if using the global version on Node.js, or "window.Promise" if using the browser version. You should always include a default case, as there is no guarantee what package may be registered.

Support for old Node.js versions

Node.js versions prior to v0.12 may have contained buggy versions of the global Promise. For this reason, the global Promise is not loaded automatically for these old versions. If using any-promise in Node.js versions versions <= v0.12, the user should register a desired implementation.

If an implementation is not registered, any-promise will attempt to discover an installed Promise implementation. If no implementation can be found, an error will be thrown on require('any-promise'). While the auto-discovery usually avoids errors, it is non-deterministic. It is recommended that the user always register a preferred implementation for older Node.js versions.

This auto-discovery is only available for Node.jS versions prior to v0.12. Any newer versions will always default to the global Promise implementation.

Related

• any-observable - any-promise for Observables.